The realization that titanium exhibited remarkable corrosion resistance (TIMET) in oxidizing chloride environments led to some of its first applications in the chemical process industry [CPI], such as wet chlorine gas coolers for chlor-alkali cells, chlorine and chlorine dioxide bleach equipment in pulp/paper mills, and reactor internals for pressure acid leaching of metal ores. Now many applications have greater than 25 years of service history, including heat exchangers, reactor vessels, and distillation columns in areas of chemical plants, refineries, chlorine and chlorine chemicals production, pulp and paper mills, and salt plants