The Oregon Institute of Technology campus is heated by the direct use of geothermal hot water. Three hot water wells have been drilled adjacent to campus varying from 400 to 600 m in depth and are used to heat eight buildings covering approximately 49,300 m2 (530,000 ft 2) of floor space. These wells can be individually pumped up to 1890 I/min (500 GPM) at 89°C, which can meet the heating demand under most conditions. When the outside temperature drops to -20°C, then two wells are required, pumping up to 2800 I/min (750 GPM). The average annual pumping rate is 900 I/min (240 GPM), where 189 l/min (50 GPM) is the rate usually required during the summer months for domestic hot water heating. The well water is pumped from the well using deep hole shaft driven turbine pumps, and is used directly in the heating system in each building