Contents How to Use This Soil Survey 3 Contents 5 Foreword 9 General Nature of the Survey Area 11 How This Survey Was Made 14 General Soil Map Units 17 Soils That Are on Uplands and Formed in Airfall-Deposited Ash and Pumice 17 1. Lapine-Steiger (ponderosa pine/fir) 17 2. Timbercrater-Llaorock-Castlecrest (mountain hemlock) 17 3. Timbercrater-Castlecrest-Llaorock (Shasta red fir) 18 Soils That Are in Valleys and Formed in Ash and Pumice Flow Deposits of Ash, Pumice, and Cinders 18 4. Maklak-Collier (ponderosa pine/fir with lodgepole pine) 18 5. Castlecrest-Umak (mountain hemlock with lodgepole pine) 18 6. Unionpeak-Castlecrest (mountain hemlock) 19 7. Castlecrest (Shasta red fir) 19 Soils That Are on Uplands and Formed in Airfall-Deposited Ash and Pumice Over Glacial Deposits 19 8. Lapine-Oatman 19 9. Grousehill 20 Soils on Cinder Cones 20 10. Redcone-Cinder land 20 Soils on Alpine Meadows With Intermingled Forests 20 11. Cleetwood-Llaorock-Dyarock 20 Soils in Seeps and on Stream Terraces 21 12. Stirfry-Mariel-Anniecreek 21 Detailed Soil Map Units 23 1—Anniecreek-Stirfry-Riverwash complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes 24 2—Badland, 50 to 100 percent slopes 25 3—Badland-Stirfry complex, 0 to 70 percent slopes 25 4—Castlecrest gravelly ashy sandy loam, 2 to 10 percent slopes 26 5—Castlecrest ashy loamy sand, dry, 0 to 15 percent slopes 27 6—Castlecrest ashy loamy sand, low, 0 to 7 percent slopes 28 7—Castlecrest gravelly ashy loamy sand, high elevation, 5 to 45 percent slopes 28 8—Castlecrest-Badland complex, 60 to 100 percent slopes 29 9—Castlecrest-Llaorock complex, 2 to 25 percent slopes 30 10—Castlecrest-Sunnotch complex, 5 to 45 percent slopes 31 11—Cleetwood very gravelly ashy loamy coarse sand, depressional, 0 to 7 percent slopes 32 12—Cleetwood-Castlecrest complex, dry, 10 to 30 percent slopes 32 13—Cleetwood-Castlecrest-Llaorock complex, 5 to 30 percent slopes 33 14—Cleetwood, thin surface-Cleetwood- Dyarock complex, 2 to 20 percent slopes .... 35 15—Cleetwood, thin surface-Llaorock- Cleetwood complex, 5 to 30 percent slopes 36 16—Cleetwood-Sunnotch-Castlecrest complex, high elevation, 15 to 30 percent slopes 38 17—Collier ashy loamy sand, 0 to 7 percent slopes 39 18—Collier ashy loamy sand, dry, 0 to 10 percent slopes 40 19—Collier very gravelly ashy loamy sand, low, 0 to 7 percent slopes 40 20—Collier-Badland complex, 60 to 100 percent slopes 41 21—Donegan very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 30 to 65 percent south slopes 42 22—Grousehill gravelly medial loam, 0 to 25 percent slopes 43 23—Grousehill-Llaorock complex, 5 to 35 percent slopes 43 24—Grousehill-Llaorock complex, dry, 0 to 30 percent slopes 44 25—Grousehill-Racing complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes 45 26—Lapine paragravelly ashy loamy coarse sand, 10 to 35 percent south slopes 46 27—Lapine paragravelly ashy loamy coarse sand, 35 to 55 percent south slopes 47 28—Laplne-Oatman complex, 5 to 30 percent slopes 48 29—Lapine-Oatman complex, 30 to 60 percent south slopes 49 30—Laplne-Rock outcrop-Wuksi complex, 30 to 70 percent south slopes 50 31—Lapine-Steiger-Wuksi complex, high elevation, 2 to 25 percent slopes 51 32—Lapine-Wuksl-Rock outcrop complex, 30 to 70 percent north slopes 52 33—Lava flows, Oto 15 percent slopes 54 34—Llaorock-Castlecrest complex, 0 to 15 percent slopes 54 35—Llaorock-Castlecrest complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes 55 36—Llaorock-Castlecrest-Rock outcrop complex, 30 to 60 percent north slopes 56 37—Llaorock-Castlecrest-Rock outcrop complex, 30 to 60 percent south slopes 57 38—Llaorock-Rubble land-Rock outcrop complex, 60 to 90 percent north slopes 59 39—Llaorock-Rubble land-Rock outcrop complex, 60 to 90 percent south slopes 59 40—Llaorock-Timbercrater-Rubbleland complex, dry, 60 to 90 percent south slopes 60 41—Maklak paragravelly ashy loamy sand, 0 to 10 percent slopes 62 42—Maklak paragravelly ashy loamy sand, low, 0 to 10 percent slopes 62 43—Maklak paragravelly ashy loamy sand, high precipitation, 0 to 10 percent slopes 63 44—Mariel-Stirfry complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes 64 45—Redcone-Cinder land complex, 30 to 60 percent south slopes 65 46—Redcone-Rock outcrop complex, 30 to 60 percent north slopes 65 47—Rock outcrop-Rubble land complex, 60 to 90 percent slopes 66 48—Stirfry mucky peat, 0 to 7 percent slopes.... 67 49—Stirfry-Grousehill complex, 0 to 10 percent slopes 67 50—Sunnotch gravelly ashy sandy loam, dry, 0 to 35 percent slopes 69 51—Sunnotch-Unionpeak complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes 69 52—Timbercrater paragravelly ashy loamy sand, dry, 25 to 60 percent north slopes 70 53—Timbercrater-Castlecrest complex, 0 to 10 percent slopes 71 54—Timbercrater-Castlecrest complex, dry, 2 to 15 percent slopes 72 55—Timbercrater-Castlecrest complex, dry, 15 to 30 percent south slopes 73 56—Timbercrater-Castlecrest-Llaorock complex, 10 to 30 percent south slopes 74 57—Timbercrater-Llaorock complex, 10 to 30 percent north slopes 75 58—Timbercrater-Llaorock complex, dry, 30 to 60 percent south slopes 76 59—Timbercrater-Llaorock complex, high elevation, 30 to 80 percent slopes 77 60—Timbercrater-Llaorock-Castlecrest complex, 30 to 60 percent slopes 78 61—Timbercrater-Sunnotch-Castlecrest complex, 0 to 10 percent slopes 80 62—Umak paragravelly ashy fine sandy loam, 0 to 7 percent slopes 81 63—Umak paragravelly ashy fine sandy loam, dry, 0 to 10 percent slopes 82 64—Umak paragravelly ashy fine sandy loam, low, 0 to 5 percent slopes 82 65—Unionpeak-Castlecrest complex, dry, 5 to 15 percent slopes 83 66—Unionpeak-Castlecrest-Llaorock complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes 84 67—Unionpeak-Castlecrest-Sunnotch complex, 0 to 15 percent slopes 85 68—Water 87 Use and Management of the Soils 89 Interpretive Ratings 89 Rating Class Terms 89 Numerical Ratings 89 Ecological Sites 89 Vegetation 90 Rangeland 104 Wildlife Habitat 105 Forest Productivity and Management 106 Recreation 107 Engineering 108 Building Site Development 109 Sanitary Facilities 110 Soil Properties 113 Engineering Index Properties 113 Physical Properties 114 Chemical Properties 115 Water Features 116 Soil Features 117 Classification of the Soils 119 Anniecreek Series 119 Castlecrest Series 120 Cleetwood Series 122 Collier Series 123 Donegan Series 124 Dyarock Series 125 Grousehill Series 126 Grousehill Taxadjunct 127 Lapine Series 128 Llaorock Series 129 Maklak Series 130 Mariel Series 132 Oatman Series 132 Racing Series 134 Redcone Series 135 Steiger Series 136 Stirfry Series 137 Stirfry Taxadjunct 138 Sunnotch Series 139 Timbercrater Series 140 Umak Series 141 Unionpeak Series 142 Wuksi Series 143 Formation of the Soils 145 Time 145 Climate 145 Parent Material 145 Relief 147 Living Organisms 147 References 151 Glossary 155 Tables 165 Table 1.—Temperature and Precipitation 166 Table 2.—Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall 167 Table 3.—Growing Season 167 Table 4.—Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils 168 Table 5.—Ecological Sites and Characteristic Plant Communities 171 Table 6.—Forestland Overstory Characteristic Plant Communities 183 Table 7.—Forestland Management 192 Table 8.—Forestland Management 201 Table 9.—Forestland Management 210 Table 10.—Forestland Management 220 Table 11.—Forestland Management 228 Table 12.—Recreation 237 Table 13.—Building Site Development 247 Table 14.—Building Site Development 257 Table 15.—Sanitary Facilities 269 Table 16.—Sanitary Facilities 283 Table 17.—Engineering Index Properties 296 Table 18.—Physical Properties of the Soils 392 Table 19.—Chemical Properties of the Soils.... 412 Table 20.—Water Features 426 Table 21.—Soil Features 437 Table 22.—Classification of the Soils 445 Issued 2002