CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vii I. INTRODUCTION HISTORICAL OVERVIEW. 1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT 3 METHODOLOGY AND SCOPE 4 II. EXISTING CONDITIONS CONTEXT AND SITE BOUNDARIES 7 SITE DESCRIPTION 8 III. LANDSCAPE HISTORY DESIGN CONTEXT. 17 Introduction 17 Function and Utility 18 Design and the Naturalistic Style 19 THE RUSTIC STYLE AT THE RIM 24 Introduction 24 Implementation 28 SUMMARY 55 IV. TYPOLOGY INTRODUCTION 57 CIRCULATION 59 Roads 59 Parking 61 Walkways 61 Trails 63 VEGETATION 67 Plantinncepts 67 Plant Materials 72 iii STRUCTURES 83 Buildings 83 Rock Walls 91 Observation Bays 93 SMALL-SCALE FEATURES 101 Signs 101 Drinking Fountains 102 Curbing 105 Benches 106 Picnic Tables 107 Fireplaces 108 CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES 111 Stonework 111 Planting 114 Paving 118 V. RECOMMENDATIONS INTRODUCTION 121 Significance and Integrity 121 New Design in the Context of the Designed Historic Landscape 124 Recommendations 124 CIRCULATION 127 VEGETATION 133 STRUCTURES 139 SMALL-SCALE FEATURES 145 CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES 149 VI. ENDNOTES 153 VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY 163 VIII. APPENDICES APPENDIX A: Apologia, from Park Structures and Facilities. 1935 167 APPENDIX B: Memorandum on Rockwork at Rim Village, 1989 173 APPENDIX C: Memorandum on Treatment of Historic Plant Materials around Crater Lake Lodge, 1988 177 APPENDIX D: "The Need to Naturalize," by Merle Sager, 1932 181 iv APPENDIX E: List of Classified Structures, Rim Village 185 APPENDIX F: Memorandum on Historic Signs at Crater Lake National Park, 1990 187 APPENDIX G: Master Plan Drawings for Rim Village, 1931, 1936, 1939 189 PHOTOGRAPHIC CREDITS: Unless otherwise noted, all photographs used in this report are credited to the National Park Service and are on file at Crater Lake National Park; the Cultural Resources Division, Pacific Northwest Region; and the National Archives and Records Administrative Center, San Bruno, California. v